Graph Paper Art (Graph Art S.)

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Angular resolution is a measure of the sharpest angles in a graph drawing. If a graph has vertices with high degree then it necessarily will have small angular resolution, but the angular resolution can be bounded below by a function of the degree. [12] It is important that edges have shapes that are as simple as possible, to make it easier for the eye to follow them. In polyline drawings, the complexity of an edge may be measured by its number of bends, and many methods aim to provide drawings with few total bends or few bends per edge. Similarly for spline curves the complexity of an edge may be measured by the number of control points on the edge.

Bachmaier, Christian; Brandes, Ulrik; Schreiber, Falk (2014), "Biological Networks", in Tamassia, Roberto (ed.), Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, CRC Press, pp.621–651 . BioFabric open-source software for visualizing large networks by drawing nodes as horizontal lines. Di Battista et al. (1994), Chapter 5, "Flow and Orthogonal Drawings", pp. 137–170; ( Eiglsperger, Fekete & Klau 2001). Sociograms, drawings of a social network, as often offered by social network analysis software [22]

The crossing number of a drawing is the number of pairs of edges that cross each other. If the graph is planar, then it is often convenient to draw it without any edge intersections; that is, in this case, a graph drawing represents a graph embedding. However, nonplanar graphs frequently arise in applications, so graph drawing algorithms must generally allow for edge crossings. [10] Symmetry display is the problem of finding symmetry groups within a given graph, and finding a drawing that displays as much of the symmetry as possible. Some layout methods automatically lead to symmetric drawings; alternatively, some drawing methods start by finding symmetries in the input graph and using them to construct a drawing. [11] Di Battista et al. (1994), pp. vii–viii; Herman, Melançon & Marshall (2000), Section 1.1, "Typical Application Areas". Many different quality measures have been defined for graph drawings, in an attempt to find objective means of evaluating their aesthetics and usability. [9] In addition to guiding the choice between different layout methods for the same graph, some layout methods attempt to directly optimize these measures.

Tantau, Till (2013), "Graph Drawing in TikZ", Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications, 17 (4): 495–513, doi: 10.7155/jgaa.00301 . Longabaugh, William (2012), "Combing the hairball with BioFabric: a new approach for visualization of large networks", BMC Bioinformatics, 13: 275, doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-275, PMC 3574047, PMID 23102059 {{ citation}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link).Di Battista, Giuseppe; Rimondini, Massimo (2014), "Computer Networks", in Tamassia, Roberto (ed.), Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, CRC Press, pp.763–803 . Dominance drawing places vertices in such a way that one vertex is upwards, rightwards, or both of another if and only if it is reachable from the other vertex. In this way, the layout style makes the reachability relation of the graph visually apparent. [21]

Flowcharts and drakon-charts, drawings in which the nodes represent the steps of an algorithm and the edges represent control flow between steps. Microsoft Automatic Graph Layout, open-source .NET library (formerly called GLEE) for laying out graphs [31]

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Tamassia, Roberto, ed. (2014), Handbook of Graph Drawing and Visualization, CRC Press, archived from the original on 2013-08-15 , retrieved 2013-08-28 . In addition, the placement and routing steps of electronic design automation (EDA) are similar in many ways to graph drawing, as is the problem of greedy embedding in distributed computing, and the graph drawing literature includes several results borrowed from the EDA literature. However, these problems also differ in several important ways: for instance, in EDA, area minimization and signal length are more important than aesthetics, and the routing problem in EDA may have more than two terminals per net while the analogous problem in graph drawing generally only involves pairs of vertices for each edge. Nachmanson, Lev; Robertson, George; Lee, Bongshin (2008), "Drawing Graphs with GLEE" (PDF), in Hong, Seok-Hee; Nishizeki, Takao; Quan, Wu (eds.), Graph Drawing, 15th International Symposium, GD 2007, Sydney, Australia, September 24–26, 2007, Revised Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.4875, Springer-Verlag, pp.389–394, doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-77537-9_38, ISBN 978-3-540-77536-2 [ permanent dead link]. Jünger, Michael; Mutzel, Petra (2004), Graph Drawing Software, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-540-00881-1 . Di Battista et al. (1994), pp. 15–16, and Chapter 6, "Flow and Upward Planarity", pp. 171–214; Freese (2004).